What are the major language acquisition theories addressed in the Praxis ESOL Test?

The major language acquisition theories relevant to the Praxis ESOL Test include behaviorism, cognitivism, social interactionism, and constructivism.

Behaviorism emphasizes the role of environmental stimuli and reinforcement in learning languages, suggesting that language acquisition occurs through imitation, practice, and reinforcement. This theory is grounded in the idea that learners can develop language skills through external responses to cues from their environment.

Cognitivism shifts the focus to the internal mental processes involved in learning. It posits that language acquisition is a complex cognitive activity where learners process information, form mental representations, and develop understanding through a series of cognitive stages. This approach stresses the importance of cognitive load and the capacity for learners to make connections between their existing knowledge and new information.

Social interactionism highlights the significance of social contexts and interactions in the language learning process. It posits that language acquisition is facilitated through meaningful communication, where learners engage with others, negotiate meaning, and develop their linguistic skills within social settings. This theory underscores the idea that interaction with peers and more knowledgeable speakers is crucial for language development.

Constructivism complements these theories by asserting that learners construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through experiences and reflections. In language acquisition, constructivism suggests that learners actively