What best explains Agnieszka's writing difficulties in English?

Agnieszka's writing difficulties in English can be best explained by interference from her first language (L1). This type of interference occurs when the structures, vocabulary, or rules of the first language negatively impact the acquisition or use of a second language (L2). For instance, if Agnieszka's native language has different grammatical structures or vocabulary usage compared to English, she may unconsciously apply those first language principles while writing in English. This can manifest in various ways, such as improper sentence construction, incorrect word choices, or directly translating phrases that do not translate well contextually.

Understanding this concept is vital for recognizing that L1 interference is a common issue faced by language learners and can significantly affect their ability to express themselves clearly and effectively in a second language. It highlights the importance of targeted instruction that helps learners navigate these interferences and develop a clearer command of the L2.